Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz Notes:
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with audio AX1.
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1
Surveillance is a
fundamental part of
public health practice.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz Notes:
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Surveillance is critical
during times of crises
such as epidemics,
natural disasters,
famines, and conflicts.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz Notes:
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image on the right or on full
screen and add text in sync
with audio AX1.
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Surveillance during
major emergencies
focuses on diseases or
conditions with epidemic
potential or with the
highest risk of mortality.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training
Session Title
Setting Up and
Strengthening Disease
Surveillance Systems During
Emergencies Session
4
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training
Splash Game
Learning Objectives
Learning Objectives
When you have completed this session, you will be able to:
Define specific characteristics of the disease surveillance system during emergencies.
List the various challenges during surveillance.
Explain the structuring of new and strengthening existing surveillance system to
function during emergencies.
5
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Introduction
6
The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data along with the dissemination of
information in order to plan, implement, and evaluate public health interventions is known as Surveillance.
•Plan
•Implement
•Evaluate
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What is Surveillance?
7
Network of health services delivery
actors
Detect changes in defined health
events or indicators with the help of
training
Analyze health event data
periodically and generate a response
when an event threshold is crossed
Monitor responses and interventions
about the program and resource use
Release iterative trends and events
over time
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What are the Limitations?
8
Click each icon to know more.
Surveillance Limitations
Surveillance
Limitations
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What are the Limitations?
9
Click each tab to know more.
Surveillance Limitations
Surveillance
Limitations
Surveillance cannot
explain the root causes
of an event.
Surveillance cannot
explain the reasons
for improvement and
replacing M&E.
Surveillance cannot
capture every
morbidity event.
Surveillance cannot
provide true incidence
or prevalence of event
in community.
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Check Your Understanding
10
Click each tab to know more.
Job 1
Job 2
Job 3
Job 4
Job 5
Job 6
Job 7
Job 8
Job 9
Job 10
Job 11
Job 12
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What are the Many Faces of Surveillance?
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
11
Click each tab to know more.
Job 1
Job 2
Job 3
Job 4
Job 5
Job 6
Job 7
Job 8
Job 9
Job 10
Job 11
Job 12
Is the crude mortality rate changing?
Are the cause-specific or age-specific rates changing?
Are we seeing an increase in cholera cases?
Are we seeing a rise in traffic accidents?
Is the health system functioning?
Do we have the number of providers needed for the population?
Have we achieved adequate immunization coverage?
Are the rates of moderate to severe global acute malnutrition improving with targeted food
distribution?
Are we seeing more low birth weight infants?
Are the WASH NGOs providing 15 l/p/day?
What are the fecal coliform readings at the tap sites?
How adequate is healthcare access for reproductive aged women?
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What are the Many Faces of Surveillance?
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Communicable Diseases Surveillance During Emergencies
12
An effective surveillance should:
Establish other
public health
activities at
the same time
in the phase of
emergency
response.
Engage with a
wide range of
stakeholders.
Be simple and
clear for
workers as
well as
utilizers.
Define
thresholds for
the target
diseases.
Function in the
recovery
phase of a
disaster.
Integrate
surveillance in
the routine
health
information
system.
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
13
CD surveillance should be designed to answer:
Whom do you want to know about?
How often do you want to know?
Where it should be done?
What do you want to know?
How should it be done?
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Challenges Faced While Surveillance
14
Surveillance needs the buy-in of all stakeholders at all
levels to ensure functionality and sustainability.
Surveillance is challenged by delays in getting the
information and in reporting during times of emergency.
Surveillance can fail to analyze the collected data due to
the availability of poor data.
Surveillance can fail to act because of limited resources
and poor coordination.
Surveillance can fail to communicate the findings to all
levels.
Challenges faced while surveillance:
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What Does Surveillance Require?
15
What does surveillance require?
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Surveillance Requirements: Time
16
Surveillance requires a proper time management.
1 2 3 5
4 6
Click each tab to know more.
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Surveillance Requirements: Time
17
Surveillance requires a proper time management.
123 5
4 6
Click each tab to know more.
The relief
operation begins
usually in a few
days to weeks.
The constructing
surveillance is
based on the
type of crisis.
The use of
factors like
accessibility and
security can limit
the immediate
construction of
the surveillance.
The constructing
surveillance
should be
readjusted
frequently as the
assessments
reveal new
needs and
facts.
The constructing
surveillance
anticipates and
predicts the health
problems that are
likely to emerge.
The frequency of
reporting can
change based
on the type of
the emergency.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
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Treatment
Display the text header with the AX2.
Then sync the audio Ax2 ands Ax3 with the
labels and the images.
Resources
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Surveillance Requirements: Place
18
Surveillance requires a proper place.
Know where displaced people are settled
Know about all the refugee and IDPs camps
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 14
Slide 1 of 1
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Treatment
Display the OST at top with Ax1.
Then display the images along with Ax2 and
Ax3.
Resources
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Surveillance Requirements: People
19
Surveillance should know about the people:
Knowledge about the refugee and IDPs Idea about the population structure
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 15
Slide 1 of 1
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the OST on the top with Ax1.
Then show the images along with the
Text in sync with the corresponding
audio. The first image and text with Ax2.
The images and text are placed in a
clockwise manner.
Resources
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What Does Surveillance Measure?
20
Morbidity due to communicable
diseases Noncommunicable diseases
Mortality due to communicable
and health services delivery
Resources available for curative
and preventive care services
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 16
Slide 1 of 1
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
from the source ppt.
Display the chart in sync with AX1 and
Ax2.
Resources
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Monthly Report
21
Monthly Measles Incidence of Kibondo, Tanzania (TZ) Refugee Camps
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 17
Slide 1 of 1
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Please recreate the image from the
source ppt.
Display the chart in sync with AX1 and
Ax2.
Resources
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Daily Report
22
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 1 of 1
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External image:
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Treatment
This is a button screen. Make the text boxes look like
buttons. The user can click in clockwise order. When the
audio closes highlight the first button. Make the other
buttons disabled. Display the icons and buttons on
screen with text in sync with Ax1. The instruction text
will be synced with IAX. Every time the user clicks, it will
land on corresponding slides 23
the close button there. They come back to this screen.
When all the buttons are seen. Then enable the next
button from this screen.
Resources
Check Your Understanding
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
23
Click each button to know more.
Information Sources Establish the NetworkBaseline Data
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 2 of 6
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the popup as soon as the user
clicks the baseline data button.
Display the icon on the left and smart art
tabs in sync with AX2. Sync the smart art
OST with the corresponding audio part.
Sync the IAX2 with the instruction text
om screen. Once the audio finishes.
Highlight the close button and take the
user back to the main screen or slide 23.
Resources
Check Your Understanding
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
24
Baseline data Information sources Establish the Network
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
Baseline Data
Acquire clear
statistics of the
population.
Know about
endemic
diseases and its
disease profile.
Know potential
vectors for air,
water, and
vector-borne
diseases.
Check the
current capacity
of the current
health care
systems and
health
programs.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 3 of 6
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the popup as soon as the user
clicks the Information sources button.
Display the icon on the left and smart art
tabs in sync with AX3. Sync the smart art
OST with the corresponding audio part.
Once the audio finishes. Highlight the
close button and take the user back to
the main screen or slide 23.
Resources
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
25
Baseline data Information sources Establish the Network
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
Information Sources
Census MoH reports WHO archives
Peer-reviewed
literature Gray literature Situation reports
ProMED
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 4 of 6
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the popup as soon as the user
clicks the button.
Display the icon on the left and smart art
tabs in sync with AX4. Sync the smart art
OST with the corresponding audio part.
Once the audio finishes. Highlight the
close button and take the user back to
the main screen or slide 23.
Resources
Check Your Understanding
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
26
Baseline data Information sources Establish the Network
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
Establish the Network
Local
community
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 5 of 6
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the popup as soon as the user
clicks the button.
Display the icon on the left and the Table
in sync with AX5. Sync the OST in the
table with the corresponding audio part.
Once the audio finishes. Highlight the
close button and take the user back to
the main screen or slide 23.
Resources
Check Your Understanding
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
27
Baseline data Information sources Establish the Network
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
Mode of Reporting
Active Reporting Passive Reporting
Workers approach people to get the
information.
Information is obtained when people
visit the health facilities.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 18
Slide 6 of 6
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Display the popup as soon as the user
clicks the button.
Display the icon and the OST setting the
indicators in sync with AX6.
Display the boxes on the right one by
one in sync with the given audio AX7 to
Ax9 in the given sequence.
Once the audio finishes. Highlight the
close button and take the user back to
the main screen or slide 23.
Resources
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
28
Baseline data Information sources Establish the Network
Mode of Reporting Set Indicators
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Constructing Surveillance
Set Indicators
A list of diseases should be readily
available for reference.
Case definitions require a balance
between being insufficiently specific or
false cases and insufficiently sensitive or
missed cases.
Health services delivery list of indicators
must include information about access,
personnel, facilities, and laboratory
capacity.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Viz. notes:
Frame : 19
Slide 1 of 1
Layout Name
External image:
Treatment
Please recreate the image from the SB.
Display the chart in sync with AX1 and
Ax1.
with Ax2 and Ax3.
Resources
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Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Daily Report
29
Active vs. Passive Surveillance at Burmese Refugee Camps
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What is the future of surveillance?
30
Surveillance: The Future
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Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I What is the future of surveillance?
31
Surveillance can be improved by:
Employing common capacity technologies Creating portals of entry for field data
Building local community partnerships Sharing the global data networks
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Check Your Understanding
Submit
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
Select the correct option, and click Submit.
32
Which of the following things the surveillance does not do?
❑Analyze the health event data regularly
❑Inform about the program and resource use
❑Explain the root causes for an event
❑Generate a response when an event threshold is crossed
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen
and acknowledge the richness of someone else’s
contribution.
Surveillance does not explain the root causes for an event.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
33
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Incorrect
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen and acknowledge the
richness of someone else’s contribution.
Incorrect
Surveillance does not explain the root causes for an event.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
34
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Submit
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
Select the correct option, and click Submit.
35
Which of the following is not measured by surveillance?
❑Communicable disease morbidity
❑Noncommunicable diseases morbidity
❑Resources available for curative and preventive care services
❑Population structure
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen
and acknowledge the richness of someone else’s
contribution.
Population structure is not measured by surveillance.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
36
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Incorrect
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen and acknowledge the
richness of someone else’s contribution.
Incorrect
Population structure is not measured by surveillance.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
37
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Submit
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
Select the correct options, and click Submit.
38
Case definitions require balance between being __________ and _____________ cases.
Fill in the blanks with the correct options.
❑Insufficiently specific
❑Insufficiently sensitive
❑MoH reports
❑ProMED
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Teambuilding I Check Your Understanding
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen
and acknowledge the richness of someone else’s
contribution.
Case definitions require balance between being insufficiently specific and
insufficiently sensitive cases.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
39
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training Resources
Check Your Understanding
Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus is caused by which of the following
vectors?
Select the option that you think is correct, and click Submit.
Submit
O aphids
O whiteflies
O thrips
O mites
Increased participation is an opportunity, but what might its challenge be?
Ineffective decision making
Poor implementation and follow-through
Lack of empowerment and organizational support
Lack of clarity
Incorrect
Yes, and. . . is a process that requires you to listen and acknowledge the
richness of someone else’s contribution.
Incorrect
Case definitions require balance between being insufficiently specific and
insufficiently sensitive.
Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance Systems During Emergencies I Check Your Understanding
40
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training
Let us summarize all that you have learned.
Summary
41
•The ongoing systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of data along with the dissemination of information to
plan implement and evaluate public health interventions is known as Surveillance.
•The limitations of surveillance are listed below:
▪Surveillance cannot capture every morbidity event.
▪Not all cases have access.
▪Surveillance cannot provide true incidence or prevalence of event in the community.
▪Surveillance cannot explain root causes for an event.
▪Surveillance cannot explain the reasons for improvement and replacing M&E.
•Characteristics of effective surveillance include:
▪Establishing other public health activities at the same time in the phase of emergency response
▪Engaging with a wide range of stakeholders
▪Being simple and clear for workers as well as utilizers
▪Defining thresholds for the target diseases
▪Functioning in the recovery phase of a disaster
▪Integrating surveillance in the routine health information system
•CD surveillance used during emergencies should be designed to answer the following questions:
▪What do you want to know?
▪How often do you want to know?
▪Whom do you want to know about?
▪Where it should be done?
▪How should it be done?
•Surveillance requires time, place, and person.
•While constructing surveillance, it is important to keep a tab on the baseline data available on population, endemic
diseases, potential vectors for air, water, and vector-borne diseases. Lastly, it’s important to assess the current
capacity of the current healthcare systems and health programs.
Fit Feet Clinical Director Training
Course Completion. Resources
Exit Session
Session Completion
Congratulations, you have successfully completed the Setting Up and Strengthening Disease Surveillance
Systems During Emergencies session.
This session was adapted Gregg Greenough. Public Health Surveillance in Complex Emergencies, Harvard
Humanitarian Initiative.
Restart Session
42
